Nominal volume is not usable volume, and the gap is bigger than you think
A 2 mL autosampler vial filled to 1.5 mL will run dry at injection 47 on a 10 µL draw with a 2 µL air gap, because the needle tip sits about 1.2 mm above the bottom and the last 100 µL is unreachable. I have watched a sequence abort at injection 48 on exactly that arithmetic. The chemist blamed the instrument. The instrument was fine. The vial was sized by habit, not by volume math, and nobody had counted punctures either.
This guide is about two numbers that should drive the purchase order...
